PĒTERIS  VASKS

Most people today no longer possess beliefs, love and ideals. The spiritual dimension has been lost. My intention is to provide food for the soul and this is what I preach in my works. (Pēteris Vasks)

Pēteris Vasks was born on 16 April 1946 in Aizpute in Latvia as the son of a Baptist pastor who was well-known in Latvia. Vasks began his musical education at the local music school in Aizpute. He subsequently produced his first compositions and also studied the double bass at the Emīls Dārziņš Music School in Riga (1959-64). Vasks continued his double bass studies with Vytautas Sereika at the Lithuanian Conservatory in Vilnius up to 1970 before his one year of military service in the Soviet Army. Vasks's orchestral career had already began as early as 1961 as a member of various symphony and chamber orchestras, including the Latvian Philharmonic Orchestra (1966 to 1969), Lithuanian Philharmonic Chamber Orchestra (1969 to 1970) and the Latvian Radio and Television Orchestra (1971 to 1974). From 1973 to 1978, Vasks additionally studied composition with Valentin Utkin at the Latvian Music Academy in Riga. During the following years, he was a music teacher in Salacgrīva, Zvejniekciems und Jelgava and has taught composition at the Emīls Dārziņš Music School in Riga since 1989. During the Soviet period, Vasks suffered under the repressions of Russian cultural doctrine due to his beliefs and artistic convictions, but the Latvian composer’s works have swiftly achieved widespread recognition during the past few years. Choral music of major importance within Vasks Œuvre. His instrumental works are performed around the world by renowned musicians and frequently used by choreographers.

Vasks's compositions incorporate archaic, folklore elements from Latvian music and place them within a dynamic and challenging relationship with the language of contemporary music. The works are frequently given programmatic titles based on natural processes. Vasks’ intentions are however not so much a purely poetic praise of nature or showy tone painting, but rather the pursuit of themes such as the complex interaction between man and nature and the beauty of life on the one hand but also the imminent ecological and moral destruction of the world which he expresses in musical language. Frequent reference is made to his personal biography and the recent history of suffering on the part of the Latvian people. At the early age of 10, Vasks had already composed a freedom-fighting choral song in reaction to the sufferings of those who had been expelled from their houses and sent to detention camps overnight. The brass quintet Music for Fleeting Birds composed in 1977 can be understood as the yearning hope for freedom of travel which at that time was not permitted by the Soviet occupation, whereas the Musica dolorosa for strings dating from the year 1983 describes the extremely personal and intense mourning on the death of his sister. Together with the Musica adventus (1996), Musica appassionata (2002) and Musica serena (2015) the four "Musicae" for string orchestra form a cycle.  

Vasks also views his three symphonies – the 1st Symphony for strings (“Voices”, 1991), the 2nd Symphony(1998/99) for large orchestra and the 3rd Symphony (2005) for large orchestra – as reflections of recent political events in the Baltic states and their effects on man and the environment. Cragged and disjointed clusters and aleatory sounds representing intimidation and destruction are contrasted with tender imitations of birdcalls in the wind section and simple melodies in a folksong style – frequently embedded in primarily minor harmonies – and mystically shimmering string textures. 

In recent years, Vasks has favoured concertos for solo string instruments and works for string orchestra ar string Ensemble, working closely with renowned soloists. In his violin concerto Distant Light, premiered in 1997 by Gidon Kremer, the possibility of a better “ideal world” is never absent: a hint of musically accentuated hope which occasionally grows into something more. In 2006, he also dedicated his second violin concerto Lonely Angel ("Meditation") to Kremer. The Piece reflects Vasks' Vision of an angel gazing down on the world, concerned and hopeful at the same time. The seemingly infinite melody of the solo violin, climbing to extreme heights in wide arcs, is carried by the buzzing soundscapes of the string orchestra. As with his cello concerto Klātbūtne ("Presence"), which was composed for Sol Gabetta in 2012, it has seen numerous performances around the world. In 2016 Vasks composed the Concerto per viola ed orchestra d'archi, followed by a Concerto for oboe and orchestra for Albrecht Mayer.
 
As well as his instrumental music, his vocal works possess narrative characteristics. They convey messages and call for resistance against inhuman acts in the world. Zemgale (1989) for mixed choir, a dramatic poem, refers to a region in Latvia that became a symbol of the deportation of Latvian people. Vasks also deals with Soviet foreign rule in Litene (1993) for mixed choir. This choral ballad commemorates the murder of Latvian officers after the invasion of the Red Army in 1941: Extremely high and low pitches in the vocal lines depict riot, fright and screams through music. Today Pater noster(2000), Missa (2000) and Prayer "Lord, open our eyes" (2012), The Fruit of Silence (2014) and Da Pacem, Domine (2016) belong to Vasks' most popular pieces for mixed choir and orchestra.

Pēteris Vasks was appointed as the Main Composer of the Stockholm New Music Festival in 1996. The same year, he was awarded the Herder Prize from the Alfred Toepfer Foundation and the Baltic Assembly Prize. Vasks received the Latvian Great Music Award on three occasions: for Litene in 1993, for Distant Light in 1998 and for the 2nd Symphony in 2000. Vasks was created as an honorary member of the Latvian Academy of Sciences in 1994 and a member of the Royal Swedish Music Academy in Stockholm in 2001. In 2002, the composer became an honorary senator of the Latvian Cultural Academy in Riga. In 2005, he received the Cannes Classical Award for recordings of the violin concerto Distant Lightand the 2nd Symphony. In 2021, he received the Grand Music Award of Latvia for his String Quartet No. 6. Vasks was Composer in Residence at the Presteigne Festival (2006) and Vale of Glamorgan Festival (2006, 2016), the Usedom Music Festival (2010), the Zurich Chamber Orchestra (2011/12) and the Canberra Music Festival (2012). In 2016 Vasks received the State Cultural Award of the Republic of Latvia and in 2019 the Honorary Diploma of the Latvian President. A complete recording of the piano cycle "The Seasons", begun in 1980 and finished in 2009, was released on the Wergo Label in 2010.